Marcheveli Habeahan

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pencurian di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit

Introduction

Pertanggungjawaban pidana pencurian di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Pencurian TBS kelapa sawit: Analisis pertanggungjawaban pidana, lemahnya penegakan hukum (KUHP, UU 39/2014), dan studi kasus putusan pengadilan.

Abstract

Pencurian tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit merupakan tindak pidana yang sering terjadi di masyarakat, dipicu lemahnya penegakan hukum terutama jika kerugian di bawah Rp2,5 juta sehingga hanya dijerat Pasal 364 KUHP sebagai tindak pidana ringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan sifat deskriptif analitis melalui studi peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan pengadilan. Pencurian sawit diatur dalam Pasal 362 KUHP dan Pasal 107 huruf d UU No. 39 Tahun 2014 dengan ancaman pidana penjara maksimal 4 tahun atau denda Rp4 miliar. Pasal 55 huruf d melarang memanen hasil perkebunan tanpa izin, kecuali masyarakat adat sesuai Putusan MK, sedangkan Pasal 63(2) KUHP mengutamakan aturan khusus, Pasal 64(1) KUHP mengatur perbuatan berlanjut, dan residivis dapat dikenakan hukuman lebih berat. Studi kasus Putusan No. 808/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Lbp menunjukkan terdakwa terbukti memanen 20 TBS tanpa izin. Hakim memutuskan pengembalian barang bukti ke PT P.P.L., pemusnahan alat kejahatan, serta menjatuhkan pidana dengan mempertimbangkan kerugian perusahaan sebagai hal memberatkan, dan sikap sopan, penyesalan, serta belum pernah dihukum sebagai hal meringankan.

Review

This paper, titled "Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pencurian di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit" (Criminal Liability for Theft in Oil Palm Plantations), addresses a highly pertinent and recurring issue in Indonesian society: the theft of fresh fruit bunches (TBS). The abstract effectively highlights the core problem, noting that weak law enforcement often relegates such crimes to petty offenses under Article 364 KUHP, particularly when the losses are below Rp2.5 million. The study employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive analytical approach, examining relevant statutes and court decisions, which is a standard and appropriate methodology for legal research of this nature. The immediate utility of this research lies in its aim to clarify the applicable legal provisions beyond the mere petty crime categorization, suggesting a more robust legal framework exists. The abstract details the various legal instruments governing oil palm theft, moving beyond Article 362 KUHP to include Article 107d of Law No. 39 of 2014, which carries significantly higher penalties (up to 4 years imprisonment or a Rp4 billion fine). It also draws attention to Article 55d concerning harvesting without permission, with an important exception for indigenous communities following a Constitutional Court ruling, and discusses the application of principles such as *lex specialis* (Article 63(2) KUHP), continuous acts (Article 64(1) KUHP), and recidivism. The inclusion of a specific case study, Putusan No. 808/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Lbp, serves as a strong empirical anchor. This case clearly illustrates the judicial process, demonstrating how a court found a defendant guilty of stealing 20 TBS without permission, and outlines the practical outcomes including the return of evidence, destruction of tools, and the judicial considerations for sentencing, balancing aggravating (company loss) and mitigating (polite attitude, regret, no prior convictions) factors. While the abstract provides a solid foundation, the full paper should endeavor to delve deeper into the systemic reasons behind the "weak enforcement" for smaller-value thefts and critically analyze how the more stringent penalties under Law No. 39 of 2014 are, or are not, effectively being utilized in practice. A more explicit discussion on the implications of classifying such acts as non-petty offenses, particularly concerning its potential deterrent effect and impact on the agricultural sector, would strengthen its contribution. Nevertheless, this research holds significant value by clearly outlining the comprehensive legal framework available for addressing oil palm theft and demonstrating its application through a concrete case. Its findings could serve as a valuable reference for legal practitioners, law enforcement agencies, and policymakers seeking to enhance the effectiveness of criminal liability enforcement in this critical economic sector.

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