Syilvani Citra Nurfadhila, Yanti Puspita Sari, Puji Astuti

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI SUKROSA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KALUS, SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Introduction

Pengaruh konsentrasi sukrosa terhadap pertumbuhan kalus, senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan bawang merah (allium ascalonicum l.). Ketahui pengaruh sukrosa pada pertumbuhan kalus, metabolit sekunder, dan aktivitas antioksidan bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Optimal pada 30 g/L sukrosa.

Abstract

Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) merupakan komoditas sayuran yang memiliki banyak manfaat dalam bidang pangan dan pengobatan. Untuk memaksimalkan pemanfaatan bawang merah sebagai tanaman obat, digunakan bahan berupa kalus yang diperoleh melalui teknik kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sukrosa terhadap pertumbuhan kalus, kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder, dan aktivitas antioksidan bawang merah. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan konsentrasi sukrosa, yaitu 0, 15, 30, 45, dan 60 g/L dalam media Murashige Skoog (MS) yang ditambahkan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) pikloram 5 mg/L + kinetin 3 mg/L. Setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali sehingga total percobaan sebanyak 25 unit. Pengujian meliputi induksi kalus, uji fitokimia (alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, steroid-triterpenoid), dan uji aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sukrosa 30 g/L memberikan hasil terbaik dalam menginduksi kalus, dengan rata-rata waktu tumbuh kalus 33,6 hari, tekstur kalus remah-kompak, warna kalus kuning, dan berat rata-rata kalus 0,583 ± 0,278 g. Kandungan metabolit sekunder meliputi alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, dan saponin. Aktivitas antioksidan mencapai 17,691 ppm, yang termasuk dalam kategori antioksidan sangat kuat.

Review

This study presents a valuable investigation into optimizing the tissue culture of *Allium ascalonicum* (Bawang merah) for the production of medicinally important compounds. Recognizing the plant's dual utility in food and medicine, the authors judiciously explore callus culture as a means to maximize its therapeutic potential. The central objective, to ascertain the influence of varying sucrose concentrations on callus growth, secondary metabolite accumulation, and antioxidant activity, is clearly articulated and highly relevant to plant biotechnology and natural product research. This foundational work sets the stage for potentially scalable and controlled production of beneficial compounds. The experimental design employs a robust Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to systematically evaluate five distinct sucrose concentrations within a Murashige Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with appropriate plant growth regulators. This methodical approach allowed for the identification of optimal conditions, specifically highlighting 30 g/L sucrose as superior for callus induction, yielding favorable growth parameters such as a rapid induction time (33.6 days), desirable texture and color, and significant biomass (0.583 ± 0.278 g). Crucially, the phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of valuable secondary metabolites including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins. Furthermore, the impressive antioxidant activity (17.691 ppm), classified as "very strong," underscores the high therapeutic promise of the cultured callus. Overall, this research successfully demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of *in vitro* callus culture for enhancing the medicinal value of *Allium ascalonicum*. The identified optimal sucrose concentration provides a critical parameter for future larger-scale production. The discovery of a diverse profile of secondary metabolites coupled with potent antioxidant activity firmly positions the generated callus as a promising source for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical applications. Future work could build upon these findings by further characterizing individual active compounds, investigating their specific bioactivities, and exploring strategies for bioprocess development to ensure sustainable and efficient production. This study makes a significant contribution to the field, offering a strong basis for advancing the utilization of *Allium ascalonicum* through biotechnological means.

Full Text

Comments

You need to be logged in to post a comment.