Achmad Fadel, Hasyim Adnani, Cipta Bakti Gama Gama, Muhammad Asrul Syam

Penafsiran Eskatologi Wujudi Mulla Sadra

Introduction

Penafsiran eskatologi wujudi mulla sadra. Penelitian ini menganalisis eskatologi dalam Surah Al-Zalzalah melalui Filsafat Eksistensi Mulla Sadra. Mengungkap kiamat, kebangkitan, dan pembalasan sebagai evolusi wujud jiwa.

Abstract

This research This research aims to analyze the eschatological phenomenon in Surah Al-Zalzalah based on the approach of Mulla Sadra's Philosophy of Existence. The eschatological phenomenon described in the Qur'an is an event that can be believed not only through dogmatic methods but also through rational-speculative means. The focus of the events to be discussed here is the Day of Judgment, resurrection (sudur an-nas), and recompense (jaza’). These three events go beyond sensory instruments and scientific testing, making them philosophical issues that are suitable to be understood within a rational-universal framework. Mulla Sadra offers a rational explanation based on the Transcendental Theosophy theory (al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyyah) to understand the events of the Day of Judgment, resurrection, and recompense. The source of data is taken from Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim by Sadra, edited by Khajavi. This research involves a literature review using the Philosophy of Existence theory by Sadra. The results of this study indicate that each eschatological phenomenon is a form of evolution and modulation of existence. Firstly, the Day of Judgment is interpreted as the process of actualization and perfection of material, where the Earth is replaced by another Earth, and every substance undergoes a perfecting movement. Resurrection is the actualization of every potential and the forms of souls toward the original form of each creature. Recompense is the original psychological form of the soul when resurrected, producing either happiness or misery. This interpretation implies a more Sufi approach to religion, attributing every goodness or badness to the condition of the individual soul's form

Review

This paper, "Penafsiran Eskatologi Wujudi Mulla Sadra," presents an insightful analysis of eschatological phenomena within Surah Al-Zalzalah through the lens of Mulla Sadra's Philosophy of Existence. The central premise of the research is particularly compelling: that the profound events of the afterlife – specifically the Day of Judgment, resurrection (sudur an-nas), and recompense (jaza’) – are not solely matters of dogmatic belief but can be understood and explored through rigorous rational-speculative inquiry. By adopting Sadra's Transcendental Theosophy (al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyyah), the study effectively elevates these core Islamic tenets into the realm of philosophical discourse, demonstrating their suitability for a rational-universal framework that transcends mere sensory observation or empirical testing. The methodology employed, a literature review drawing extensively from Sadra's *Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim*, proves highly effective in extracting and interpreting his complex ideas. The study's main contribution lies in its articulation of how each eschatological phenomenon constitutes an "evolution and modulation of existence." It meticulously unpacks Sadra's interpretations: the Day of Judgment as a process of material actualization and perfection, where the Earth itself undergoes a transformative movement; resurrection as the actualization of all potential and the soul's return to its original form; and recompense as the manifestation of the soul's psychological state, leading to inherent happiness or misery. These interpretations not only offer a fresh perspective on traditional Islamic eschatology but also highlight the profound depth and coherence of Sadra's philosophical system in explaining spiritual realities. The paper effectively demonstrates how Sadra's approach leans towards a more Sufi interpretation of religion, emphasizing the intrinsic condition of the individual soul's form as the determinant of one's ultimate fate. While the abstract strongly links the "wujudi" (existential) aspect to the interpretations, a more explicit discussion within the full paper on how Sadra's core existential concepts (like the principiality of existence, gradualism of existence, or substantial motion) directly inform these specific eschatological interpretations would further strengthen the argument. Comparing Sadra's rational-speculative framework with more traditional theological or exegetical approaches to Surah Al-Zalzalah would also enrich the discussion, highlighting the unique contribution of his philosophical method. Overall, this research makes a valuable contribution to both Islamic philosophy and Qur'anic studies, offering a sophisticated and philosophically grounded understanding of eschatological events.

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