Dewi Fatimah

MODIFICATION NATURAL ZEOLIT BY PLANTING INHIBITOR OF Cu WITH BATCH METHOD AS RAW MATERIAL FOR ANTISEPTIC MEDICINE

Introduction

Modification natural zeolit by planting inhibitor of cu with batch method as raw material for antiseptic medicine. Natural zeolite modified with copper (Cu) via batch method creates an antiseptic medicine raw material. Zeolite-Cu effectively reduces Candida albicans & E. coli growth.

Abstract

Natural zeolite can be develop as alternative raw materials pharmaceutical product, particularly as an absorbent of microbial pathogens and it is widely spread in almost province at Indonesia. The study conducted by modifying natural zeolite by planting inhibitor of Cu which functions as raw materials for medicine, especially as an antiseptic carrier. Process of planting Cu was conducted on Zeolite-H with variation stirring time of 2,4 6, and 8 hours at room temperature. Inhibitor planting process by batch methods was conducted on batch reactor. The result showed that purification process could be reduce a free oxides from Si, Al, Ti, Ca, and Fe which covered crystal structure and there is not occurred a peaks degradation of modernite and clinoptilolite on XRD diffractogram. Through SEM analysis can be seen form of modernite and clinoptilolite crystal that result of purification process more clearer. The EDX analysis showed that conversion to zeolite-Cu was successfully done and highest absorption of ASS at stirring time of 6 hours with concentration Cu of 299,5 ppm. Dynamic oligo antiseptic carrier test from zeolite-Cu was conducted on Candida albicans and Escherichia coli Growth. The media used were gel nutrient on various concentrations at incubation time of 30oC for 24-48 hours. The result showed that Zeolite-Cu can significantly reduce a Candida albicans and Escherichia coli growth.

Review

This manuscript presents an interesting and potentially impactful study on the modification of natural zeolite for pharmaceutical applications, specifically as an antiseptic carrier. The authors aim to develop an abundant natural resource from Indonesia into a valuable raw material by incorporating copper (Cu) ions, leveraging Cu's known antimicrobial properties. The systematic approach to purifying the natural zeolite and subsequently exchanging it with Cu ions is well-described, highlighting the potential for this material to serve as an alternative and cost-effective component in antiseptic formulations. The premise of utilizing natural materials for biomedical applications is highly relevant, especially given the widespread availability of zeolite in the region. The methodology employed for zeolite modification and characterization is robust. The purification process successfully reduced free oxides without degrading the structural integrity of the mordenite and clinoptilolite phases, as evidenced by XRD analysis and clearer crystal forms observed via SEM. The successful incorporation of Cu was confirmed by EDX, with an optimal stirring time of 6 hours yielding the highest Cu absorption. Crucially, the *in vitro* antimicrobial efficacy against both *Candida albicans* and *Escherichia coli* was demonstrated, showing a significant reduction in microbial growth. These findings are compelling and provide a strong foundation for the proposed application of zeolite-Cu as an antiseptic carrier. While the study presents significant findings, there are several areas that warrant clarification and further development. The repeated phrase "planting inhibitor of Cu" in both the title and abstract is confusing and appears to be an incorrect description; it seems the authors intended to describe the *incorporation* of Cu as the active antiseptic agent, not an inhibitor of Cu. This terminology needs to be corrected for clarity. Furthermore, while the *in vitro* results are promising, the abstract could benefit from more detail on the "dynamic oligo antiseptic carrier test," including specific concentrations of zeolite-Cu used and a brief rationale for the chosen assay. Future work should undoubtedly focus on expanding the antimicrobial spectrum, elucidating the exact mechanism of action, evaluating potential cytotoxicity, and exploring *in vivo* efficacy to fully realize the potential of this modified natural zeolite in pharmaceutical products.

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