Edy Nugroho, Nugroho Adipradana

KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

Introduction

Korban tindak pidana korupsi . Mengkaji pertanggungjawaban pelaku korupsi terhadap korban (negara & masyarakat). Temukan solusi restitusi atau kompensasi berdasarkan hukum internasional untuk mengurangi penderitaan korban.

Abstract

Korupsi dapat mengakibatkan kerugian bagi negara dan masyarakat/rakyat, para pelaku tindak pidana korupsi pada umumnya mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya dengan menerima sanksi pidana berupa pidana pokok dan pidana tambahan. Namun menjadi persoalan bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pelaku tindak pidana korupsi terhadap korbannya yaitu negara dan khususnya masyarakat/rakyat. Oleh karena itu perlu ada kebijakan untuk mengurangi penderitaan korban (masyarakat/rakyat) dengan memberikan restitusi atau kompensasi. Pasal 35 United Nations Convention Against Corruption mengatur dapat diberikannya kompensasi, dan Resolusi Majelis Umum PBB Nomor 40/34, 29 November 1985, yang mengadopsi Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power mengatur dapat diberikannya restitusi bagi korban tindak pidana. Restitusi lebih tepat untuk dipilih dibandingkan kompensasi, khususnya tipe monetary-community restitution atau tipe servive-community restitution jika korban tindak pidana korupsi lebih bersifat kolektif, dan tipe monetary-victim restitution jika korbannya tunggal. Apabila kebijakan pemberian restitusi bagi korban tindak pidana korupsi akan diterapkan, maka perlu diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan agar memiliki landasan hukum jelas.

Review

This paper, titled "KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI" (Victims of Corruption), addresses a critical gap in the accountability for corruption offenses. It effectively highlights that while perpetrators generally face criminal sanctions, the question of their responsibility towards the direct and indirect victims – the state and society – often remains inadequately resolved. The abstract clearly articulates the significant harm caused by corruption, which extends beyond financial losses to broader societal suffering, thus establishing the pressing need to consider the plight of victims in the aftermath of these crimes. The core of the paper's argument revolves around the necessity of implementing policies to mitigate the suffering of victims through restitution or compensation. Drawing upon established international legal frameworks, specifically Article 35 of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) and UN General Assembly Resolution 40/34, the paper posits a strong foundation for such measures. It persuasively argues for the superiority of restitution over compensation, proposing nuanced types of restitution – monetary-community, service-community for collective victims, and monetary-victim for individual victims – which demonstrates a thoughtful consideration of the diverse nature of corruption's impact and its victims. Crucially, the paper concludes by emphasizing the paramount need for a robust legal framework to underpin any policy aimed at providing restitution to victims of corruption. This call for clear legal regulation ensures that such initiatives have a strong and unequivocal basis for implementation, moving the discussion from theoretical desirability to practical enforceability. The abstract provides a clear roadmap for addressing victim welfare in corruption cases, making a significant contribution to the discourse on comprehensive justice responses to corruption.

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