Hidayah Murtiyaningsih, Bejo Suroso, Aldi Hendriyanto, Laras Sekar Arum

Keragaan Tanaman Sorgum Lokal Mutan 1 Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

Introduction

Keragaan tanaman sorgum lokal mutan 1 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini mengamati keragaan sorgum lokal mutan 1 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma (0-700gy) untuk pangan dan bioenergi. Karakter morfologi dan agronomi menunjukkan nilai genetik tinggi.

Abstract

Tanaman sorgum memiliki potensi yang tinggi selain padi dan jagung, sebagai sumber pangan, pakan, dan bioenergi. Pemuliaan tanaman merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas maupun kuantitas dari tanaman. Pemuliaan modern melalui mutasi banyak dikembangkan untuk memperbaiki mutu tanaman yang dihasilkan. Peningkatan keragaman genetik merupakan langkah penting dalam pemuliaan tanaman guna menghasilkan beragam varietas tanaaman baru yang nantinya diharapkan memiliki karakter unggul yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sorgum lokal Demak yang kemudian diiradiasi menggunakan sinar gamma pada dosis 0, 300, 500, dan 700gy. Keragaan tanaman mutan generasi 1 (mutan 1) diamati melalui beberapa karakter morfologi seperti daya kecambah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah dan panjang penikel, serta berat 100 biji.  Karakter agronomi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, jumlah penikel, Panjang penikel. dan berat 100 biji pada tanaman sorgum lokal mutan 1 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma memiliki nilai KKG dan heritabilitas yang tinggi. karakter yang memiliki nilai KKG dan heritabilitas tinggi berarti lebih besar dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan sedikit dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan.

Review

This paper investigates the potential of gamma irradiation as a modern breeding tool to enhance the local Demak sorghum variety, a crop recognized for its significant utility in food, feed, and bioenergy sectors. The study's premise rests on the critical need to expand genetic diversity within sorghum to facilitate the development of new, superior cultivars. By subjecting local Demak sorghum seeds to varying doses of gamma radiation (0, 300, 500, and 700 gy), the researchers aimed to induce beneficial mutations, with the subsequent focus on characterizing the first generation of mutant plants (M1) for key morphological and agronomic traits. The abstract details the observation of several crucial plant characteristics in the M1 generation, including germination capacity, plant height, number and length of panicles, stem diameter, leaf count, and 100-grain weight. A significant finding highlighted is that numerous agronomic traits, specifically plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, panicle number, panicle length, and 100-grain weight, exhibited high values for both the Genetic Coefficient of Variation (KKG) and heritability. The authors correctly interpret these high values as indicative of a greater genetic influence over these traits, suggesting a reduced impact from environmental factors, which is a promising outcome for breeding efforts. Overall, this research demonstrates a valuable preliminary step in leveraging mutation breeding to improve local sorghum varieties. The identification of several agronomic traits with high KKG and heritability in the M1 generation provides a strong foundation for future selection programs, implying that these traits can be effectively improved through genetic manipulation. While the abstract focuses on initial characterization, these findings suggest that gamma irradiation holds promise for generating exploitable genetic variability in sorghum. Subsequent research should aim to advance these mutant lines to later generations (M2 and beyond) to confirm mutation stability, assess performance under varied conditions, and ultimately evaluate their yield potential and other quality parameters in detail.

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