Rizka Ayu Wahyuni, Nurbidayah Nurbidayah, Nurul Amalia, Aulia Syafa Al Fitri, Noor Zahwa Mubarakah

HEMATOLOGY AND URINAL ANALYSIS PROFILE IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Introduction

Hematology and urinal analysis profile in diabetes mellitus. Explore hematology & urinalysis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Findings show reduced Hb/MCH, altered leukocytes, and frequent urinary crystal/cell abnormalities, vital for renal health monitoring.

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) constitutes a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and consequential hyperglycemia. This state of elevated blood glucose can precipitate various complications, potentially influencing hematological parameters and urinary composition. This study aims to delineate the demographic characteristics, hematological profiles, and urinalysis results of individuals diagnosed with T2DM. Employing an observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, the research examined T2DM patients who underwent laboratory testing at RSD Idaman Banjarbaru. The findings indicate that, from a total of 40 patients, the majority (n=18, 45%) belonged to the 46–55-year age cohort. Regarding gender distribution, female patients were more predominant, comprising 29 individuals (72.5%), compared to 11 male patients (27.5%). Most T2DM patients presented with hematological parameters within normal limits. However, specific hematological disturbances were still identified, notably reductions in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), alongside alterations in leukocyte differential counts. These anomalies may correlate with inflammatory complications or anemia prevalent in the T2DM population. Microscopic urinalysis revealed a high frequency of abnormalities across several parameters. Abnormal epithelial cells were observed in 26 patients (65%), aberrant erythrocytes in 28 patients (70%), and atypical leukocytes in 26 patients (65%). The most prevalent finding was abnormal urinary crystals, detected in 33 patients (82.5%). These results underscore the necessity for consistent renal health monitoring and proactive management in diabetic care. In conclusion, the hematological and urinalysis profiles of T2DM patients offer preliminary insights into their clinical status and the extent of associated complications, serving as valuable indicators for comprehensive patient management.

Review

This study provides a valuable preliminary insight into the hematological and urinalysis profiles of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, aiming to delineate these parameters alongside demographic characteristics. Given that T2DM is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high potential for complications, understanding its systemic impact is crucial for effective patient management. The observational descriptive, cross-sectional design, examining 40 patients at RSD Idaman Banjarbaru, offers a snapshot of the clinical status within this specific cohort, setting the stage for more focused investigations into the multifaceted nature of diabetic complications. The findings highlight several significant points. Demographically, the study observed a predominance of females and patients within the 46–55-year age group. While most hematological parameters were within normal limits, specific disturbances like reduced Hemoglobin (Hb) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), along with altered leukocyte differential counts, were identified. These suggest potential underlying issues such as anemia or inflammatory processes commonly associated with T2DM. More striking were the urinalysis results, which revealed a high frequency of microscopic abnormalities. A substantial majority of patients presented with abnormal epithelial cells, erythrocytes, and leukocytes, with abnormal urinary crystals being the most prevalent finding in 82.5% of the cohort. These findings strongly underscore the critical need for vigilant monitoring of renal health in diabetic patients, as these indicators could signify early or ongoing kidney involvement. In conclusion, this study successfully provides initial data on the systemic impact of T2DM on hematological and urinary parameters, offering valuable indicators for comprehensive patient management, particularly concerning renal health. While the descriptive nature and relatively small sample size (n=40) limit the generalizability and the ability to infer causality or disease progression, the research serves as an important foundation. Future studies could expand upon these findings through larger, multicenter cohorts, longitudinal designs to track changes over time, and more detailed investigations into the specific types of urinary crystals and their clinical correlations with T2DM severity and duration. This would further enhance our understanding and guide more targeted therapeutic strategies.

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