Muhammad Rizki Azra, Tamrin Tamrin, Haisen Hower

FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION OF SWAMP VEGETATION NATURAL DYES FOR DSSC USING SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN

Introduction

Formulation optimization of swamp vegetation natural dyes for dssc using simplex lattice design. Optimize DSSC efficiency with natural dyes from swamp vegetation like water hyacinth and senduduk fruit. Simplex Lattice Design improved visible light absorption, boosting solar cell performance. Sustainable & low-cost.

Abstract

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are third-generation photovoltaic devices capable of using natural pigments as photosensitizers. This study aims to optimize the efficiency of DSSC by using formulations of a combination of natural dyes extracted from swamp vegetation: water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), senduduk fruit (Melastoma malabathricum), and primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana). These dyes, which are rich in chlorophyll, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, respectively, were formulated in different volume combinations using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. The experimental results show that the mixture of natural dyes can expand the absorption range of visible light wavelengths and enhance the performance of DSSC. The optimal dye combination, consisting of 1.827 mL water hyacinth and 3.173 mL senduduk fruit, yielded an efficiency of 0.050% with a desirability score of 1. This study highlights the potential of swamp vegetation as a sustainable and low-cost alternative for DSSC applications and demonstrates the effective use of statistical modeling to optimize dye formulations.

Review

This study presents a commendable effort in advancing sustainable photovoltaic technology by exploring natural dyes from swamp vegetation for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). The selection of water hyacinth, senduduk fruit, and primrose willow as dye sources, rich in diverse pigments like chlorophyll, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, is particularly innovative, highlighting the potential of underutilized biomass. The application of the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method for optimizing dye formulations demonstrates a rigorous and systematic approach to experimental design, which is a significant strength. This methodological choice allows for the efficient exploration of multi-component systems and provides valuable insights into synergistic effects between the different natural extracts. The experimental results clearly indicate that combining these natural dyes effectively broadens the visible light absorption range, a crucial factor for enhancing DSSC performance. The identification of an optimal dye combination, specifically 1.827 mL water hyacinth and 3.173 mL senduduk fruit, which yielded an efficiency of 0.050% with a desirability score of 1, is a key finding. While the absolute efficiency value itself is modest compared to synthetic dyes or other natural dye benchmarks, the study successfully demonstrates the principle of performance enhancement through rational formulation and the utility of statistical optimization in this context. The detailed breakdown of the optimal formulation provides a concrete basis for future research. Overall, this research makes a valuable contribution to the field of sustainable energy by showcasing swamp vegetation as a viable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly resource for DSSC applications. The effective integration of statistical modeling techniques for formulation optimization further strengthens the study's impact, providing a robust framework for similar investigations. Future work could build upon these findings by focusing on improving the absolute efficiency through co-adsorbents, different extraction methods, or dye purification, as well as investigating the long-term stability of these natural dye-sensitized solar cells to transition closer to practical applications.

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