Elsa Herliyana, Yessica Amelia, Muhammad Rizal

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Non-Cyclicals yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Introduction

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tax avoidance pada perusahaan sektor consumer non-cyclicals yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor tax avoidance pada perusahaan consumer non-cyclicals BEI (2019-2024). Leverage positif, profitabilitas negatif, ukuran & CSR tidak signifikan. Implikasi kebijakan pajak.

Abstract

Pajak merupakan kewajiban yang menjadi salah satu sumber utama pendapatan negara, namun sering dianggap sebagai beban yang dapat menurunkan profitabilitas perusahaan sehingga memicu praktik tax avoidance. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas, dan corporate social responsibility terhadap tax avoidance pada perusahaan sektor consumer non-cyclicals yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019–2024. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling, melibatkan 192 observasi dari 32 perusahaan, dan diolah menggunakan E-Views 12. Analisis regresi linier berganda didahului oleh uji asumsi klasik yang seluruhnya terpenuhi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Ukuran Perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance, sejalan dengan teori agensi yang menyatakan bahwa ukuran perusahaan tidak selalu mencerminkan efektivitas pengelolaan manajemen dalam meminimalkan konflik kepentingan; (2) Leverage berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tax avoidance, mendukung teori keuangan perusahaan yang menjelaskan bahwa penggunaan utang memberikan manfaat tax shield melalui pengurangan beban pajak; (3) Profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tax avoidance, sesuai teori agensi yang menekankan bahwa perusahaan dengan kinerja keuangan tinggi cenderung menjaga reputasi dan patuh pajak; dan (4) Corporate Social Responsibility tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance, menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan sosial belum menjadi faktor strategis dalam keputusan penghindaran pajak. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi bagi pengembangan kebijakan perpajakan dan strategi manajemen keuangan, khususnya dalam pengelolaan struktur modal, peningkatan profitabilitas, dan penerapan tata kelola perusahaan yang berkelanjutan.  

Review

The study "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Non-Cyclicals yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia" addresses a pertinent issue in corporate finance and public economics: the drivers of tax avoidance. Recognizing tax as a crucial source of state revenue, yet often perceived as a burden impacting corporate profitability, the research aims to shed light on practices that lead companies to minimize their tax liabilities. Specifically, it investigates the influence of firm size, leverage, profitability, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on tax avoidance within the consumer non-cyclicals sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the 2019-2024 period, offering timely insights into this specific economic segment. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study utilized purposive sampling to gather 192 observations from 32 selected companies, with data analysis conducted using E-Views 12. Prior to the main analysis, classical assumption tests were satisfactorily met, ensuring the validity of the multiple linear regression model. The findings reveal a nuanced picture: firm size was found to have no significant effect on tax avoidance, aligning with agency theory's perspective on management effectiveness. Conversely, leverage demonstrated a positive and significant impact, supporting corporate finance theory by highlighting the tax shield benefits of debt. Profitability, on the other hand, exhibited a negative and significant relationship with tax avoidance, consistent with agency theory's emphasis on reputation and compliance for high-performing firms. Lastly, corporate social responsibility was found to have no significant influence, suggesting it has not yet emerged as a strategic determinant in tax avoidance decisions within the examined sector. The research offers valuable contributions to both academic literature and practical application. By empirically examining specific determinants of tax avoidance in a focused sector and period, it enriches our understanding of corporate behavior in taxation within Indonesia. The differentiated findings concerning the various factors provide specific actionable insights. The implications are significant for policymakers in developing more targeted taxation policies, and for corporate management in refining financial strategies, particularly concerning capital structure optimization, profitability enhancement, and the integration of sustainable corporate governance practices. While CSR's non-significant role warrants further investigation into its actual strategic relevance, the study effectively highlights the complex interplay between financial metrics, corporate behavior, and tax outcomes.

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