Miko Andika Setya Pratama, Anggraini Ratih Purwandari, Mawan Eko Defriatno

Evaluasi Sebaran Timbal (Pb) Dan Cadmium (Cd) Pada Kolam Air Lindi, Sumur Monitoring dan Sumur Warga di Sekitar TPA Pakusari Jember

Introduction

Evaluasi sebaran timbal (pb) dan cadmium (cd) pada kolam air lindi, sumur monitoring dan sumur warga di sekitar tpa pakusari jember. Evaluasi sebaran Timbal (Pb) & Kadmium (Cd) di kolam lindi, sumur pantau, & sumur warga sekitar TPA Pakusari Jember. Konsentrasi di bawah batas, namun perlu pemantauan jangka panjang.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the distribution of Pb and Cd in leachate ponds, monitoring wells, and community wells around the Pakusari Landfill in Jember. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with a spatial approach. Samples were purposively collected from three locations, each replicated three times, and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results revealed that the highest average Pb concentration was in the leachate (0.0043 mg/L), followed by monitoring wells (0.0036 mg/L) and community wells (0.0033 mg/L). Meanwhile, average Cd concentrations were 0.0014 mg/L (leachate), 0.0012 mg/L (monitoring wells), and 0.0010 mg/L (community wells). All concentrations remained below the permissible limits according to the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference in Pb concentrations (p=0.179), while Cd concentrations differed significantly among sample groups (p=0.025). Although concentrations were below the standards, Pb and Cd should be carefully monitored due to their bioaccumulative and toxic nature, which may pose long-term health risks.

Review

This study addresses a critically important environmental health concern by investigating the distribution of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in and around the Pakusari Landfill in Jember. The assessment of heavy metal contamination from leachate, particularly its potential migration into groundwater sources used by local communities, is highly relevant given the toxicity and persistence of these elements. The authors appropriately employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a spatial focus, utilizing Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for precise elemental analysis, which is a robust methodology for such environmental monitoring. The clear objective and a well-defined analytical method establish a solid foundation for the research. The research effectively characterized the heavy metal presence, reporting the highest average concentrations of both Pb (0.0043 mg/L) and Cd (0.0014 mg/L) in the leachate pond, with concentrations progressively decreasing in monitoring wells and community wells. Crucially, all measured concentrations were found to be below the permissible limits set by relevant Indonesian regulations (Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021). The application of the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference in Cd concentrations across the sample groups, suggesting distinct contamination patterns, whereas Pb concentrations did not show such a clear spatial variation. Despite the current compliance with standards, the authors correctly highlight the bioaccumulative and toxic nature of Pb and Cd, underscoring the necessity for continued vigilance to mitigate potential long-term health risks. This study provides valuable baseline data on heavy metal distribution around the Pakusari Landfill. Its strengths lie in its clear objective, the use of a sensitive and accurate analytical technique like ICP-MS, and the diligent comparison of results against national environmental standards. The finding that current levels are below limits is reassuring, yet the authors' proactive recommendation for careful long-term monitoring due to the bioaccumulative nature of Pb and Cd is a critical and responsible conclusion. While insightful, the study's scope, as presented in the abstract, appears limited to a single sampling event and a relatively small number of sampling points (three locations, each replicated three times), which might not fully capture the spatial heterogeneity or temporal variations of heavy metal plumes. Future research would benefit from expanded spatial and temporal sampling designs, detailed hydrogeological characterization of the site, and a more comprehensive risk assessment that considers exposure pathways and potential cumulative effects over time. This would further enhance the understanding of contaminant migration and inform more robust management strategies for landfill operations.

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