Frislin Paskaliner Yonatan Nenot'ek, Agus Kristiyanto, Rony Syaifullah

Effects of high-intensity interval training ratios on physical fitness in junior high students

Introduction

Effects of high-intensity interval training ratios on physical fitness in junior high students. Analyze effects of 1:2 and 1:5 HIIT ratios on junior high students' physical fitness, considering gender and self-efficacy. Both ratios improve fitness, with 1:2 being more effective. Teachers can use short HIIT.

Abstract

Indonesian students continue to exhibit low levels of physical fitness. This condition highlights the need for effective interventions to improve students’ physical fitness. This study aims to analyze the effects of HIIT with 1:2 and 1:5 ratios on junior high school students’ physical fitness, as well as to examine the moderating roles of gender and self-efficacy in their training responses. A quantitative approach with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was employed, involving 100 junior high school students in the East Amabi Oefeto Subdistrict, Kupang Regency. The intervention lasted for eight weeks, consisting of 16 sessions conducted three times per week. The instruments used were the National Physical Fitness Test (Tes Kebugaran Jasmani Nasional, TKPN) and the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analysed using ANCOVA statistical procedures. Results revealed that HIIT ratio, gender, and their interaction significantly influenced physical fitness (p < 0.05). Conversely, self-efficacy alone did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05), although it contributed to the three-way interaction. Overall, this study confirms that both 1:2 and 1:5 HIIT ratios effectively improve students' physical fitness, with the 1:2 ratio being slightly more effective. Teachers can implement short HIIT sessions (10–15 minutes) every week, adjusting the ratios and intensity according to students' individual characteristics and needs. Future research should expand the sample size, include additional psychological variables, and explore variations in HIIT duration and frequency to develop a more comprehensive and practical school-based training model.

Review

This study addresses a critical public health issue in Indonesia: the low physical fitness levels among students, by investigating the efficacy of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with different work-to-rest ratios. The research clearly articulates its aim to compare 1:2 and 1:5 HIIT ratios and to explore the moderating effects of gender and self-efficacy on physical fitness in junior high students. The chosen methodology, a quantitative approach with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design involving 100 participants over an eight-week intervention, appears robust and well-suited to the research questions. The use of validated instruments like the National Physical Fitness Test (TKPN) and Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale, coupled with ANCOVA analysis, enhances the credibility of the findings. The results provide valuable insights into optimizing physical fitness interventions for adolescents. Notably, the study found significant main effects for HIIT ratio and gender, as well as a significant interaction between them, on physical fitness. This suggests that the effectiveness of HIIT protocols may indeed vary based on the specific ratio and the participant's gender. The finding that both 1:2 and 1:5 ratios were effective, with the 1:2 ratio demonstrating a slight edge, offers practical guidance for program design. While self-efficacy alone did not show a direct significant impact, its contribution to the three-way interaction indicates a more complex interplay with HIIT ratios and gender that warrants further investigation. The study's practical recommendation for teachers to implement short, adaptable HIIT sessions (10-15 minutes) every week is highly actionable and directly addresses the initial problem statement. Despite its strengths, the abstract identifies several avenues for future research, which implicitly point to areas for refinement. Expanding the sample size would enhance the generalizability of the findings, while incorporating additional psychological variables could provide a more holistic understanding of training responses beyond self-efficacy. Exploring variations in HIIT duration and frequency, as suggested, is crucial for developing a truly comprehensive and adaptable school-based training model. Overall, this research makes a meaningful contribution to the field of exercise science in educational settings, offering a well-designed investigation into an important and timely topic with clear practical implications for improving adolescent physical fitness.

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