Irwanto Sucipto, Wildan Muhlison

Efektifitas Pestisida Nabati Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach dan Piper betel Terhadap Patogen Tanaman Padi Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae

Introduction

Efektifitas pestisida nabati azadirachta indica, melia azedarach dan piper betel terhadap patogen tanaman padi xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Studi efektivitas pestisida nabati Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, Piper betel pada patogen padi Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Ekstrak berpotensi antibakteri kuat.

Abstract

Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, dan Piper betel merupakan tanaman yang sudah dikenal dalam dunia pestisida nabati. Berbeda dengan tanaman sirih, tanaman mimba dan mindi khasiatnya dalam pestisida nabati dikenal dalam mengendalikan serangga tetapi masih sangat jarang diketahui untuk pengendalian patogen. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jember. Pengujian ekstrak tanaman Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach dan Piper betel  terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan Xanthomonas. oryzae pv. oryzae secara in vitro dilakukan dengan Metode Difusi Cakram kertas. Pengamatan penghambatan pertumbuhan X. oryzae pv. oryzae oleh ekstrak tumbuhan dilakukan 24 jam setelah perlakuan dengan mengukur lebar zona bening yang terbentuk disekitar kertas saring. Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan program Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Perlakuan yang berpengaruh diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan pada taraf α = 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil uji daya hambat, semua larutan uji pestisida nabati memiliki aktivitas daya hambat dengan persentase daya hambat yang berbeda. Menurut hasil analisis ragam, daya hambat tertinggi yang mencapai > 50% ditunjukkan oleh larutan uji SI5, yaitu sebesar 73.81%.  Perlakuan lain yaitu MN3 sampai MM5 tidak memiliki perbedaan nyata diantara perlakuan tersebut. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tiap perlakuan memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai antibakteri dengan potensi yang menyerupai antibiotik chloramfenicol.

Review

This study investigates the efficacy of botanical extracts from *Azadirachta indica*, *Melia azedarach*, and *Piper betel* against the rice bacterial blight pathogen, *Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae* (Xoo). The premise is compelling, given the increasing demand for sustainable pest management solutions and the existing knowledge of these plants' bioactivity, albeit primarily for insect control in the case of neem and chinaberry. The research correctly identifies a gap in understanding their potential against plant pathogens like Xoo. Using an *in vitro* disc diffusion method, the study systematically evaluates the inhibitory effects of these extracts, employing a robust experimental design (Completely Randomized Design) and statistical analysis (SAS with Duncan's test) to ensure the reliability of the findings. The results indicate that all tested botanical extracts possess inhibitory activity against *X. oryzae pv. oryzae*, though with varying degrees of effectiveness. Significantly, one treatment, identified as SI5, demonstrated a high inhibitory power, achieving an impressive 73.81% inhibition, surpassing the 50% threshold. This strong performance, alongside other treatments (MN3 to MM5) showing comparable effects, suggests a promising potential for these plant extracts as antibacterial agents. The authors' claim that this potential rivals that of chloramphenicol is particularly noteworthy, positioning these botanicals as viable candidates for developing eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic bactericides in agriculture. While the *in vitro* findings are encouraging and lay a strong foundation, the study's primary limitation lies in its laboratory-based nature. To translate these promising results into practical applications, future research must validate the efficacy of these extracts under greenhouse and field conditions, considering factors such as environmental degradation, plant phytotoxicity, and systemic uptake. Furthermore, a more detailed characterization of the active compounds responsible for the observed antibacterial activity would enhance our understanding of their mode of action and facilitate the development of standardized formulations. Despite these areas for further exploration, this paper makes a valuable contribution to the field of botanical pest management, highlighting the significant potential of *Azadirachta indica*, *Melia azedarach*, and *Piper betel* as natural agents against a critical rice pathogen.

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