Ahmad Fauzi, Ahbib Wildan Sholihi

Early Marriage in the Perspective of Islamic Law: The Relevance of Maqasid al-Syari'ah to the Protection of Indonesian Children's Rights

Introduction

Early marriage in the perspective of islamic law: the relevance of maqasid al-syari'ah to the protection of indonesian children's rights. Kaji pernikahan dini di Indonesia dalam perspektif hukum Islam & Maqasid al-Syari'ah. Ungkap dampaknya pada hak anak dan pentingnya harmonisasi hukum untuk perlindungan substantif.

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena pernikahan dini di Indonesia melalui perspektif hukum Islam dan prinsip-prinsip Maqasid al-Syari’ah, dengan menekankan relevansinya terhadap perlindungan hak-hak anak. Topik ini dipilih karena meningkatnya kekhawatiran terhadap konsekuensi sosial, psikologis, dan hukum dari pernikahan di bawah umur, yang sering kali bertentangan dengan tujuan hukum Islam yang berupaya melestarikan kehidupan (hifz al-nafs), akal budi (hifz al-‘aql), dan keturunan (hifz al-nasl). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-teologis dan sosio-yuridis, penelitian ini menganalisis sumber-sumber hukum Islam, hukum nasional, dan penelitian sebelumnya untuk membangun model hukum yang integratif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan dini menyebabkan kerugian yang signifikan, termasuk kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, putus sekolah, dan kemiskinan antar generasi, yang mengindikasikan adanya kesenjangan antara cita-cita hukum Islam dan praktik sosial. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa harmonisasi Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah dengan sistem hukum nasional Indonesia sangat penting untuk memastikan perlindungan substantif bagi anak-anak. Harmonisasi tersebut menyediakan kerangka konseptual untuk mengembangkan hukum keluarga yang adaptif dan adil yang berlandaskan nilai-nilai moral dan kemanusiaan.

Review

This paper tackles a highly pertinent and critical issue concerning early marriage in Indonesia, approached through the dual lenses of Islamic law and the principles of Maqasid al-Syari'ah. The abstract effectively highlights the increasing societal concern over the detrimental social, psychological, and legal ramifications of child marriage, framing it as a direct contradiction to the fundamental objectives of Islamic law, particularly the preservation of life, intellect, and progeny. The study's focus on the relevance of Maqasid al-Syari'ah to the protection of children's rights promises a nuanced and deeply contextualized analysis, making it a valuable contribution to ongoing debates surrounding family law reform in Muslim-majority societies. The methodological approach, combining a qualitative literature review with normative-theological and socio-juridical perspectives, appears well-suited for addressing the complex interplay of religious principles, national legislation, and societal practices. By analyzing diverse sources, including Islamic legal texts, national laws, and prior research, the paper aims to construct an integrative legal model. The findings, which underscore the significant harms associated with early marriage such as domestic violence, school dropout rates, and intergenerational poverty, provide compelling evidence of a disconnect between the aspirational ideals of Islamic law and the harsh realities of social practice. This diagnostic aspect is crucial for identifying areas requiring urgent intervention. The conclusion drawn by the research—that harmonizing Maqasid al-Syari'ah with Indonesia's national legal system is indispensable for substantive child protection—is both insightful and critically important. This harmonization is presented not merely as a theoretical exercise but as a practical framework for developing family laws that are both adaptive and equitable, firmly rooted in moral and humanitarian values. Such an approach offers a promising pathway for reconciling religious injunctions with modern human rights standards, thereby advancing the welfare and rights of Indonesian children. The paper's contribution lies in providing a robust conceptual foundation for progressive legal reforms in this vital area.

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