Naswir Naswir, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Muhammad Syukur, Muh. Saleh

Dinamika Habitat dan Aktivitas Nyamuk Anopheles Selama Musim Kemarau di Desa Inalipue Kecamatan Tanasitolo Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan

Introduction

Dinamika habitat dan aktivitas nyamuk anopheles selama musim kemarau di desa inalipue kecamatan tanasitolo kabupaten wajo, sulawesi selatan. Dinamika habitat & aktivitas nyamuk Anopheles di Wajo, Sulsel, selama musim kemarau. Identifikasi spesies dominan, habitat larva, & strategi pengendalian malaria efektif.

Abstract

Musim kemarau memengaruhi dinamika habitat dan perilaku vektor malaria, terutama nyamuk Anopheles. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Inalipue, Kecamatan Tanasitolo, Kabupaten Wajo, untuk memahami pola perkembangbiakan dan aktivitas nyamuk selama musim kemarau. Survei entomologi menggunakan metode Human Landing Collection (HLC) untuk penangkapan nyamuk dewasa di dalam dan luar rumah, serta pengamatan habitat larva di sawah, saluran irigasi, dan parit kecil. Hasil menunjukkan tiga spesies nyamuk Anopheles, yaitu Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles vagus, dan Anopheles nigerrimus, dengan Anopheles barbirostris menjadi spesies dominan dan MBR tertinggi sebesar 3,00 gigitan/orang/malam di luar rumah, mengindikasikan tingginya risiko paparan gigitan nyamuk. Habitat utama larva ditemukan di sawah yang mengering (40%), saluran irigasi dengan aliran lambat (30%), dan parit kecil (20%). Faktor utama yang mendukung keberadaan larva meliputi ketersediaan genangan air, vegetasi pendukung, dan stabilitas air. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun jumlah habitat berkurang selama musim kemarau, nyamuk Anopheles tetap mampu memanfaatkan habitat yang tersisa untuk berkembang biak. Strategi pengendalian berbasis habitat seperti pengeringan genangan air, pengelolaan vegetasi, dan aplikasi larvasida direkomendasikan untuk menekan risiko penularan malaria di wilayah ini. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara perubahan iklim, perilaku nyamuk, dan efektivitas metode pengendalian berbasis komunitas untuk menekan populasi nyamuk di wilayah endemis.   Kata Kunci: Anopheles, Musim Kemarau, Habitat, Malaria, Survei entomologi  

Review

This study, titled "Dinamika Habitat dan Aktivitas Nyamuk Anopheles Selama Musim Kemarau di Desa Inalipue Kecamatan Tanasitolo Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan," provides valuable insights into the ecological dynamics of malaria vectors during the dry season. Understanding how Anopheles mosquitoes adapt their habitat use and activity patterns during periods of water scarcity is critical for developing effective and sustainable malaria control strategies, particularly in endemic regions prone to seasonal variations. The research successfully elucidates the persistence of Anopheles populations and their biting behavior despite environmental challenges, highlighting the ongoing risk of malaria transmission. The methodology employed, including Human Landing Collection (HLC) for adult mosquitoes and direct observation for larval habitats, is appropriate and well-suited for a comprehensive entomological survey. The findings are significant, identifying *Anopheles barbirostris* as the dominant species with a notable Man-Biting Rate (MBR) of 3.00 bites/person/night, primarily occurring outdoors, which has important implications for personal protection measures. The study meticulously identifies the key larval habitats as drying rice fields, slow-flowing irrigation canals, and small ditches, with water availability, supporting vegetation, and water stability as critical facilitating factors. This demonstrates the mosquitoes' opportunistic ability to exploit remaining aquatic environments, confirming their resilience during periods of reduced habitat availability. The practical implications of this research are substantial for public health interventions. The recommendations for targeted habitat-based control strategies, such as draining stagnant water, managing vegetation, and applying larvicides, are directly supported by the findings and offer actionable measures for reducing vector populations. This study underscores the need for context-specific interventions that account for seasonal ecological shifts. While the research provides a strong foundation, future work could benefit from quantifying the direct correlation between the identified dry season dynamics and actual malaria incidence rates. Further exploration into the interplay between broader climate change impacts, fine-scale mosquito behavioral adaptations, and the efficacy of community-based control strategies would further strengthen the evidence base for long-term malaria elimination efforts.

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