Lestari Lestari, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, St. Aisyah Sijid

Diabetes Melitus: Review etiologi, patofisiologi, gejala, penyebab, cara pemeriksaan, cara pengobatan dan cara pencegahan

Introduction

Diabetes melitus: review etiologi, patofisiologi, gejala, penyebab, cara pemeriksaan, cara pengobatan dan cara pencegahan. Pahami Diabetes Melitus (kencing manis) secara mendalam. Review ini membahas etiologi, patofisiologi, gejala, penyebab, diagnosis, pengobatan, & pencegahan DM tipe 1 & 2.

Abstract

Diabetes melitus atau yang biasa masyarakat pada umumnya menyebutnya dengan penyakit kencing manis merupakan penyakit menahun yang dapat diderita seumur hidup. Diabetes memiliki 2 tipe yakni diabetes melitus tipe 1 yang merupakan hasil dari reaksi autoimun terhadap protein sel pulau pankreas, kemudian diabetes tipe 2 yangmana disebabkan oleh kombinasi faktor genetik yang berhubungan dengan gangguan sekresi insulin, resistensi insulin dan faktor lingkungan seperti obesitas, makan berlebihan, kurang makan, olahraga dan stres, serta penuaan. Review ini membahas mengenai etiologi, patofisiologi, gejala, penyebab, cara pemeriksaan, cara pengobatan serta cara pencegahan penyakit diabetes melitus.

Review

The submitted abstract and title, "Diabetes Melitus: Review etiologi, patofisiologi, gejala, penyebab, cara pemeriksaan, cara pengobatan dan cara pencegahan," clearly delineate a comprehensive review of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Given DM's status as a prevalent chronic disease with significant public health implications, a thorough review encompassing its multifarious aspects is timely and warranted. The abstract outlines an intent to cover the entire spectrum of DM, from its origins and mechanisms to its clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention, explicitly addressing both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The abstract effectively sets the stage by defining DM as a lifelong condition and differentiating between Type 1, attributed to autoimmune reactions against pancreatic islet cell proteins, and Type 2, stemming from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition (insulin secretion defects, insulin resistance) and environmental factors such as obesity, diet, physical activity, stress, and aging. The stated scope—encompassing etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and preventive measures—suggests that the full review aims to be a valuable resource for a broad understanding of the disease. The inclusion of practical elements like "cara pemeriksaan" (examination methods), "cara pengobatan" (treatment methods), and "cara pencegahan" (prevention methods) is particularly commendable, indicating a focus on actionable insights relevant to clinical practice and public health. While the breadth of coverage is a clear strength, the abstract does not indicate whether the review will offer novel synthesis, critical appraisal of conflicting evidence, or a comparative analysis of different guidelines, which are often expected in high-level academic reviews. It appears to be a descriptive compilation rather than an argumentative or critically analytical piece. Furthermore, while most Type 2 DM risk factors are well-established, the inclusion of "kurang makan" (under-eating) as a factor alongside "makan berlebihan" (overeating) warrants careful and detailed explanation within the full text, as its role can be nuanced or specific to certain contexts. Clarifying the intended audience for this extensive review (e.g., general practitioners, medical students, or the public) would also help in tailoring the depth and complexity of the information presented. Nevertheless, this work promises to be a foundational and useful overview for anyone seeking a holistic understanding of Diabetes Mellitus.

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