Prilla Kurnia Ningsih, Nurul Ichsan, Fitri Lia Ningsih

DAMPAK INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA ISLAM DAN KEMISKINAN PADA KESENJANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA

Introduction

Dampak indeks pembangunan manusia islam dan kemiskinan pada kesenjangan pendapatan di indonesia. Telusuri dampak pendidikan, kesehatan, & kemiskinan pada kesenjangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Pendidikan berpengaruh positif, sementara kesehatan & kemiskinan negatif dalam jangka panjang.

Abstract

Kesenjangan pendapatan di Indonesia di pengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu pendidikan, kesehatan dan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang antara variabel pendidikan, kesehatan, dan kemiskinan terhadap kesenjangan pendapatan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) dengan Eviews 10 berdasarkan data panel untuk periode 2011-2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek hanya variabel pendidikan yang berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif terhadap kesenjangan pendapatan. Dalam jangka panjang pendidikan berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif, sedangkan kesehatan dan kemiskinan berpengaruh secara signifikan dan negatif terhadap kesenjangan pendapatan.

Review

This study investigates a highly pertinent issue concerning income inequality in Indonesia, focusing on the dynamic influences of education, health, and poverty. The paper aims to differentiate between the short-term and long-term effects of these variables on income disparities, providing a more nuanced understanding than static analyses might offer. Utilizing a robust Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) on panel data spanning 2011-2021, the methodology appears appropriate for uncovering both immediate and sustained relationships, particularly given the potential for cointegration among the macroeconomic variables examined. The choice of Eviews 10 further indicates a standard and well-established approach to econometric modeling. The findings present a compelling, albeit sometimes counter-intuitive, picture of these relationships. In the short term, the study identifies education as the sole significant factor, exhibiting a positive influence on income inequality. This suggests that initial gains in education may exacerbate existing disparities, perhaps due to unequal access or skill-biased economic growth. In the long term, education continues its significant positive impact, implying a persistent challenge where educational advancements, while crucial for development, might not inherently reduce income gaps without complementary policies. More strikingly, the long-term results indicate that both health and poverty significantly and negatively affect income inequality. This suggests that over an extended period, improvements in health and a reduction in poverty could lead to a more equitable distribution of income. While the study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of income inequality in Indonesia, certain aspects warrant further scrutiny and elaboration. Firstly, the title mentions "Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Islam" (Islamic Human Development Index), yet the abstract focuses solely on conventional education, health, and poverty as distinct variables without explaining how the "Islamic" dimension is integrated or operationalized within the analysis. This significant conceptual element requires clear definition and justification within the paper. Secondly, the long-term finding that poverty negatively affects income inequality is particularly intriguing and requires comprehensive theoretical and empirical explanation. This implies that as poverty increases, income inequality *decreases*, which deviates from typical expectations and could signal complex underlying mechanisms or specific contextual factors that need thorough discussion. Further research could also explore the specific policy channels through which health and poverty reduction efforts might translate into a more equitable income distribution in the Indonesian context.

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