Carlos Henrique Pires Luiz Casteloni, Valdir Adilson Steiken

Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR): quanto falta e quanto sobra após 10 anos de implementação?

Introduction

Cadastro ambiental rural (car): quanto falta e quanto sobra após 10 anos de implementação?. Após 10 anos, avaliamos o Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR), revelando lacunas de registro e conflitos em biomas brasileiros. Amazônia concentra registros ilegais em florestas públicas e UCs.

Abstract

A partir dos dados do Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR), este estudo investiga as lacunas de áreas passíveis de cadastramento e os conflitos existentes, como registros de imóveis em unidades de conservação que não admitem domínio privado e em florestas públicas não destinadas. A avaliação, com recorte territorial por biomas, constatou que: Pampa e Pantanal possuem mais de 80% de sua área cadastrável registrada no CAR; Cerrado e Mata Atlântica aproximam-se de 80%; enquanto Amazônia e Caatinga não alcançam 60%. Em relação às sobreposições em áreas não passíveis de registro, mais de 82% do total nacional está concentrado na Amazônia. Nesse bioma, a área cadastrada ilegalmente é composta principalmente por registros em florestas públicas não destinadas (145.117 km²) e em unidades de conservação de proteção integral (135.200 km²).

Review

This timely and important study rigorously evaluates the ten-year implementation of Brazil's Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR), a foundational instrument for environmental governance and land regularisation. Addressing the critical questions of "quanto falta e quanto sobra" (what is missing and what remains/overlaps), the research meticulously investigates both the gaps in eligible cadastral areas and the pervasive issue of conflicting registrations, specifically highlighting private land claims within conservation units that prohibit private dominion and undesignated public forests. By adopting a granular, biome-specific analytical approach, the authors promise a nuanced understanding of the CAR's effectiveness and its inherent challenges across Brazil's diverse ecological landscapes. The study presents compelling findings that underscore significant disparities in CAR coverage and the alarming prevalence of illegal land claims. It reveals that while biomes like Pampa and Pantanal boast over 80% cadastral registration, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica approach this figure, Amazônia and Caatinga lag considerably, with less than 60% of their eligible areas registered. More critically, the research identifies a staggering concentration of illegal overlaps, with over 82% of the national total situated within the Amazon biome. Within this ecologically vital region, illegally registered areas are predominantly composed of registrations within undesignated public forests (145,117 km²) and integral protection conservation units (135,200 km²), indicating a serious challenge to environmental protection and land tenure security. These findings offer a robust diagnostic of the CAR's performance, clearly illustrating its varying degrees of success and failure across different biomes. The substantial illegal overlaps, particularly in the Amazon, highlight not only administrative deficiencies but also persistent pressures from illegal land grabbing and deforestation. This research provides invaluable data for policymakers and environmental managers, offering a critical baseline to inform targeted enforcement actions, refine cadastral validation processes, and develop more effective strategies for land regularization and environmental protection in vulnerable areas. The study serves as an essential contribution to understanding Brazil's complex environmental challenges and the path forward for strengthening its land governance framework.

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