Rahmitasari Rahmitasari, Andi Darmawangsa, Subaeda Subaeda

Analisis Faktor dan Dampak Transaksi Praktek Gadai Cengkeh Terhadap Ekonomi Masyarakat Dalam Prespektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah di Kabupaten Bulukumba

Introduction

Analisis faktor dan dampak transaksi praktek gadai cengkeh terhadap ekonomi masyarakat dalam prespektif hukum ekonomi syariah di kabupaten bulukumba. Analisis faktor pendorong & dampak praktik gadai cengkeh terhadap ekonomi masyarakat Bulukumba. Ditinjau dari hukum ekonomi syariah, praktik ini belum sesuai prinsip keadilan.

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendorong masyarakat melakukan praktik gadai pohon cengkeh serta dampaknya terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat di Kabupaten Bulukumba. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam dengan masyarakat yang terlibat dalam transaksi gadai, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui proses reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi menggunakan pendekatan Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor utama yang mendorong praktik ini adalah kebutuhan mendesak akan dana, minimnya akses ke lembaga keuangan formal, serta kuatnya pengaruh budaya lokal. Dampak positif dari praktik ini adalah tersedianya dana secara cepat tanpa prosedur birokrasi yang rumit. Namun, dampak negatifnya meliputi kehilangan hasil panen selama masa gadai dan ketimpangan dalam pembagian keuntungan antara penggadai dan penerima gadai. Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah, praktik gadai ini belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip keadilan dan kejelasan akad.

Review

This study provides a pertinent analysis of the prevalent practice of clove tree pawning in Bulukumba Regency, meticulously examining its underlying factors and economic repercussions on the local community. The research is particularly valuable for its dual focus: not only dissecting the socio-economic drivers and impacts but also critically evaluating the practice from the perspective of Sharia economic law. This interdisciplinary approach offers a comprehensive understanding of an informal financial mechanism that often emerges in contexts where formal financial access is limited, making it relevant for discussions on rural finance and community economic resilience. The methodology employed, a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, is well-suited for exploring such a nuanced societal phenomenon. Data collection through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, followed by analysis using the Miles and Huberman framework, lends credibility to the findings. The study effectively identifies critical factors driving this practice, notably urgent financial needs, limited access to formal institutions, and the enduring influence of local culture. While acknowledging the immediate benefit of quick fund access, the research importantly highlights significant negative impacts, including the loss of harvest income for pawnors and inherent inequalities in profit sharing, thus painting a balanced yet concerning picture of the practice's overall effect. A significant strength of this research lies in its engagement with Sharia economic law, concluding that the practice, in its current form, does not fully adhere to the principles of justice and clarity of contract (akad). This normative assessment is crucial for a predominantly Muslim community, adding an ethical dimension to the economic analysis. The study's findings offer vital insights for local policymakers, financial institutions, and community leaders aiming to develop more equitable, transparent, and Sharia-compliant financial alternatives that address the urgent needs of agricultural communities while safeguarding their economic well-being.

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