Apriliana Dyah Prawestri, Resa Sri Rahayu, Indira Riastiwi

Respons pertumbuhan Mentha spp. terhadap penambahan air kelapa dan 6-Benzylaminopurine pada media in vitro

Introduction

Respons pertumbuhan mentha spp. Terhadap penambahan air kelapa dan 6-benzylaminopurine pada media in vitro. Penelitian ini menguji respons pertumbuhan peppermint & spearmint secara in vitro terhadap air kelapa dan BAP. Air kelapa meningkatkan pertumbuhan peppermint dan klorofil, namun kombinasi keduanya menghambat.

Abstract

Hingga saat ini sebanyak 600 kultivar mint telah berhasil dikembangkan dari 25 spesies Mentha, namun hanya empat spesies mint yang dibudidayakan secara komersial untuk produksi minyak esensial di dunia, dua diantaranya adalah peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) dan spearmint (M. spicata L.). Tanaman mint umumnya dibudidayakan melalui perbanyakan secara vegetatif karena memiliki pollen yang steril dan tingkat ploidi yang tinggi sehingga metode perbanyakan secara generatif sering kali tidak berhasil. Oleh karena itu, dalam upaya mengoptimalkan perbanyakan vegetatif khususnya secara in vitro, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan tanaman mint, yaitu peppermint dan spearmint yang ditumbuhkan pada media pertumbuhan in vitro dengan penambahan air kelapa dan BAP secara tunggal maupun kombinasi. Eksplan buku batang dari planlet in vitro peppermint dan spearmint ditumbuhkan pada media in vitro dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok 1 faktor, yaitu media pertumbuhan dengan 4 taraf: 1) MS (kontrol, tanpa penambahan air kelapa dan BAP); 2) MS ditambah 50 mL air kelapa (MS + AK); 3) MS ditambah 0,25 mg/L BAP (MS + BAP); 4) MS ditambah 50 mL air kelapa dan 0,25 mg/L BAP (MS + AK + BAP). Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 5 ulangan dan 5 eksplan setiap ulangan. Kultur diinkubasi selama delapan minggu dan diamati parameter pertumbuhan dan parameter fisiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons pertumbuhan biak in vitro peppermint terbaik pada media yang ditambah air kelapa, sementara pada biak spearmint penambahan air kelapa maupun BAP tidak memberikan pengaruh pada pertumbuhan. Air kelapa dan BAP meningkatkan kadar klorofil total daun biak peppermint maupun spearmint. Kombinasi penambahan air kelapa dan BAP secara simultan justru menghasilkan respons penghambatan pertumbuhan biak in vitro peppermint maupun spearmint.

Review

This study addresses the critical need for efficient propagation methods for economically important *Mentha* species, specifically peppermint (*Mentha × piperita* L.) and spearmint (*M. spicata* L.), given their inherent challenges in generative reproduction such as sterile pollen and high ploidy levels. The authors investigate the in vitro growth responses of these mint varieties to supplementation with coconut water and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) in an effort to optimize vegetative multiplication. The objective is clearly stated and holds significant relevance for the horticultural and essential oil industries, particularly for the propagation of cultivars with commercial value. The research employs a well-structured in vitro experiment, utilizing stem node explants cultured on MS medium with four distinct treatments: a control (MS alone), MS supplemented with 50 mL coconut water (AK), MS with 0.25 mg/L BAP, and a combination of both AK and BAP. Cultures were maintained for eight weeks, observing both growth and physiological parameters, with a specific mention of chlorophyll levels. The findings reveal species-specific responses; peppermint exhibited the best growth on media supplemented solely with coconut water, while spearmint growth appeared unaffected by individual additions of either coconut water or BAP. Interestingly, both coconut water and BAP were found to increase total chlorophyll content in the leaves of both peppermint and spearmint. A notable and somewhat unexpected result was the inhibitory effect on growth observed when coconut water and BAP were combined in the culture media for both *Mentha* species. The results of this study provide valuable insights, particularly regarding the potential of coconut water as a natural and effective growth enhancer for *Mentha × piperita* in in vitro conditions. This could lead to more sustainable and cost-effective propagation protocols for peppermint. The differential response between peppermint and spearmint, along with the unexpected antagonistic effect of the combined AK and BAP treatment, underscores the complexity of plant growth regulator interactions and highlights the need for further mechanistic investigations. While the abstract effectively summarizes key findings, elaborating on the specific "growth and physiological parameters" measured beyond chlorophyll would strengthen the comprehensive understanding of the plant's response. Overall, this research makes a pertinent contribution to the field of plant tissue culture and warrants further exploration into the underlying physiological mechanisms.

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