Setiani Widya Ayu , Venny Indria Ekowati, Hesti Mulyani, Galang Prastowo

Philological Studies and Discussion of Human Obligations in the Manuscript of Raos Jawi Panêmbah Gangsal Prakawis

Introduction

Philological studies and discussion of human obligations in the manuscript of raos jawi panêmbah gangsal prakawis. Philological study of Raos Jawi Panêmbah Gangsal Prakawis, an ancient Javanese manuscript. Uncovers human obligations, blending Islamic teachings with Javanese culture, for God, kings, teachers, parents.

Abstract

The Raos Jawi Panêmbah Gangsal Prakawis manuscript is an ancient manuscript that contains human obligations worldwide. This text is interesting to research because it presents the concept of obligation from the perspective of Islamic teachings, which is integrated with the cultural values ​​of Javanese society. This research, which examines ancient Javanese manuscripts, aims to present the Raos Jawi Panêmbah Gangsal Prakawis manuscript through philological studies and explain the contents of the text regarding human obligations. This research uses modern philological and descriptive research methods. Research data was collected through philological research steps: manuscript inventory, manuscript description, text transliteration, text editing, text paraphrasing, and text translation. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The research results showed that (1) one copy of the manuscript was found; (2) the condition of the manuscript is good and the text can be read clearly; (3) transliteration results in the transfer of Javanese script to Latin; (4) there are four errors in writing the text; (5) paraphrasing produces text in the form of gancaran; (6) there are three categories of human obligations, namely absolute obligations towards God and the Messenger, general obligations towards kings, and positive obligations towards teachers and parents.

Review

This paper presents a valuable philological study of the *Raos Jawi Panêmbah Gangsal Prakawis* manuscript, which is posited as a significant ancient text discussing universal human obligations. The chosen manuscript is particularly compelling due to its unique integration of Islamic teachings with Javanese cultural values, offering a rich lens through which to explore ethical frameworks within a specific cultural and religious context. The research aims to make this important text accessible through rigorous philological analysis and to elucidate its core message regarding human duties. This foundational work is crucial for both preserving and understanding the intellectual heritage embedded in Javanese manuscripts. The methodology employed, drawing on modern philological and descriptive research techniques, appears sound and systematic. The outlined steps—from manuscript inventory and description to transliteration, editing, paraphrasing, and translation—demonstrate a thorough approach to handling ancient texts. The findings clearly delineate the philological outcomes, such as the discovery of a single, well-preserved copy, the successful transliteration, and the identification of minor textual errors, which attest to the meticulousness of the process. Furthermore, the categorization of human obligations into absolute (towards God and Messenger), general (towards kings), and positive (towards teachers and parents) provides a clear and insightful summary of the manuscript's ethical content. Overall, this research makes a substantial contribution to both philology and the study of Javanese ethics and religious thought. By systematically presenting and analyzing the *Raos Jawi Panêmbah Gangsal Prakawis* manuscript, the authors have not only preserved an important cultural artifact but also unveiled a fascinating perspective on human obligations rooted in the synthesis of Islamic and Javanese traditions. The paper successfully achieves its stated aims, offering a solid basis for further in-depth discussions on the philosophical and societal implications of these ancient teachings.

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