Muhamad Abdul Fikri, Zahrah Maulidia Septimar, Ayu Pratiwi

Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Kepatuhan Terapi Antiretroviral ( ARV ) Pada Orang Dengan ( ODHA )

Introduction

Pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral ( arv ) pada orang dengan ( odha ). Temukan bagaimana dukungan sosial keluarga, teman, dan tenaga kesehatan secara signifikan meningkatkan kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral (ARV) pada ODHA di Indonesia.

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Peningkatan jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan terhadap terapi antiretroviral (ARV) masih menjadi tantangan besar. Banyak pasien menghadapi kendala psikologis dan sosial yang membuat mereka sulit untuk rutin menjalani pengobatan. Dukungan sosial dari keluarga, teman, dan tenaga kesehatan diyakini dapat membantu ODHA mempertahankan kepatuhan terhadap terapi. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap kepatuhan terapi ARV pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif analitik dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 154 ODHA yang menjalani terapi ARV di Yayasan Cita Andaru Bersama dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) dan Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil Penelitian : Sebagian besar responden memiliki dukungan sosial tinggi (91,6%) dan kepatuhan terapi ARV tinggi (95,5%). Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 (<0,05), menandakan adanya pengaruh signifikan antara dukungan sosial dan kepatuhan terapi ARV. Saran: Diperlukan peningkatan dukungan sosial yang berkelanjutan dari keluarga, teman, dan tenaga kesehatan untuk memperkuat kepatuhan ODHA terhadap terapi ARV.

Review

This study addresses a critically important public health issue, investigating the influence of social support on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy adherence among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Indonesia. The background clearly establishes the challenge of ARV adherence amidst psychological and social barriers, positing social support as a vital factor. The research employs a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive analytic design, recruiting 154 PLWHA undergoing ARV therapy through purposive sampling at Yayasan Cita Andaru Bersama. The use of established instruments, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), lends credibility to the data collection process, aiming to provide robust insights into this complex relationship. The findings indicate that a significant majority of the respondents reported high levels of social support (91.6%) and correspondingly high ARV therapy adherence (95.5%). Crucially, the statistical analysis, using the Wilcoxon test, yielded a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), which the authors interpret as a significant influence of social support on ARV adherence. This strong statistical outcome aligns with the study's objective and reinforces the prevailing belief that social networks are instrumental in promoting health behaviors among vulnerable populations. The results underscore the practical significance of fostering supportive environments for PLWHA to sustain their medication regimens, thereby improving treatment outcomes and quality of life. While the study provides valuable insights, some methodological points warrant consideration. The cross-sectional design, by its nature, limits the ability to infer direct causality between social support and ARV adherence, suggesting an "influence" rather than a definitive cause-and-effect over time. Furthermore, the high reported rates of both social support and adherence might indicate a potential ceiling effect within the studied sample, possibly due to the specific characteristics of individuals receiving support from a foundation like Yayasan Cita Andaru Bersama. A more critical point is the application of the Wilcoxon test to determine the "influence between" two variables; this test is typically used for comparing differences between groups or medians, not for directly assessing the influence or relationship between two continuous or ordinal variables in the way a correlation or regression analysis would. Future research could benefit from longitudinal studies to establish causal links, explore mediating factors, and potentially investigate populations with varying levels of social support and adherence to capture a broader spectrum of experiences. Despite these points, the study's recommendation for continuous social support is well-supported by its findings and remains a vital strategy for improving ARV adherence.

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