Endhang Nilaprapti, Astuti Lestari, Cau Kim Jiu

EFEKTIVITAS PERAWATAN METODE KANGGURU PADA PREMATUR BBLR: SCOPING REVIEW

Introduction

Efektivitas perawatan metode kangguru pada prematur bblr: scoping review. Studi ini meninjau efektivitas Perawatan Metode Kangguru (KMC) pada bayi prematur BBLR. Temukan manfaat KMC yang signifikan bagi bayi, ibu, dan efisiensi biaya rumah sakit.

Abstract

Latar Belakang: BBLR khususnya bayi premature sering menghadapi berbagai masalah antara lain: asfiksia, hipotermia, ikterus dan gangguan pernafasan. Perawatan BBLR di incubator memerlukan biaya perawatan yang tinggi serta tenaga Kesehatan yang berpengalaman. Maka untuk menjaga agar BBLR tidak mengalami masalah hipotermi diperlukan suatu metode yang berfungsi sebagai pengganti incubator di RS dengan perawatan metode kangguru. Metode: Penelusuran jurnal dengan search engine (Google Scholar, Science Direct dan Pubmed),dengan kata kunci “Kangoroo Mother Care”melakukan kajian dengan diagram PRISMA didapatkan 15 jurnal yang layak disintesis. Tujuan: Melihat efektivitas dari perawatan metode kangguru pada bayi premature BBLR. Hasil:  Perawatan dengan metode kanguru terbukti memiliki manfaat signifikan bagi bayi, terutama dalam aspek neurobehavioral, respon stres, pemenuhan nutrisi enteral, peningkatan berat badan, tingkat aktivitas, stabilitas tanda-tanda vital, pengurangan stres fisiologis, insiden sepsis neonatorum, morbiditas dan durasi ventilasi non invasif. Selain dampaknya terhadap bayi, perawatan metode kanguru juga memberikan keuntungan besar bagi ibu meliputi peningkatan persepsi, pengetahuan, penurunan hambatan, tingkat stres, peningkatan kualitas tidur, produksi ASI, efikasi diri dan ketahanan. Dari perspektif sistem administrasi, implementasi metode kanguru juga menunjukkan efisiensi biaya perawatan di rumah sakit yang dapat mendorong penyesuaian kebijakan terkait alokasi sumber daya Kata kunci: Efektivitas; Perawatan Metode Kangguru; Prematur BBLR

Review

This scoping review addresses a critically important topic in neonatal care: the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) for premature low birth weight (PLBW) infants. Given the significant challenges faced by these vulnerable infants, including respiratory issues, hypothermia, and the high cost associated with conventional incubator care, exploring effective and accessible alternatives like KMC is highly relevant. The paper's stated aim to synthesize evidence on KMC's efficacy is commendable, promising valuable insights for clinical practice, parental education, and healthcare policy, particularly in resource-constrained environments. The methodological approach, described as a scoping review utilizing prominent search engines (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed) and adhering to the PRISMA diagram, indicates a systematic and transparent process for literature identification. The synthesis of 15 eligible journals yielded a comprehensive array of findings. The results clearly demonstrate significant benefits for infants across multiple domains, including neurobehavioral development, stress response, nutritional intake, weight gain, vital sign stability, and reduced incidence of sepsis and morbidity. Crucially, the review also highlights profound advantages for mothers, encompassing improved perception, knowledge, reduced stress, enhanced sleep quality, increased breast milk production, and heightened self-efficacy. Furthermore, the abstract identifies system-level benefits, notably cost efficiency in hospital care, which provides a strong economic argument for KMC implementation. In conclusion, this scoping review successfully consolidates compelling evidence underscoring the multifaceted effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care for both premature low birth weight infants and their mothers. The findings provide a strong foundation for advocating the wider adoption and integration of KMC into standard neonatal care protocols, recognizing its developmental, physiological, psychological, and financial advantages. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and policymakers, reinforcing KMC as a beneficial, cost-effective, and human-centered approach to improve outcomes for one of the most vulnerable patient populations, while also encouraging further implementation research to optimize its application globally.

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