Fadhil Mubarak, Fadia Tasyafa, Nabella Ayu Wulan, Dianti Endang Kusumawardhani

Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale Indonesian Version Using Bayesian Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Construct Validity Testing

Introduction

Athlete self-efficacy scale indonesian version using bayesian confirmatory factor analysis: construct validity testing. Validates the Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) Indonesian version with Bayesian CFA. Confirms strong construct validity and reliability of a four-factor model for Indonesian athletes.

Abstract

Self-efficacy is a psychological construct that plays a crucial role in athletic achievement, as it reflects athletes’ belief in their ability to face challenges in both training and competition. This study aimed to examine the construct validity of the Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) in the Indonesian context. A Bayesian-based Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach was applied to data from 316 athletes (158 male, 158 female) representing 33 sports disciplines across 21 provinces. The results confirmed that a four-factor model—Sport Discipline Efficacy, Psychological Efficacy, Professional Thought Efficacy, and Personality Efficacy—provided the best fit (BRMSEA = 0.073, BCFI = 0.926, BTLI = 0.910, BNFI = 0.881), indicating strong construct validity and good reliability. These findings demonstrate that the Indonesian version of ASES is a valid and adaptable measurement tool for assessing athletes’ psychological resources. However, this study has several limitations, including its cross-sectional design, the absence of measurement invariance testing, and the relatively homogeneous cultural background of participants, which may restrict generalizability. Future studies should adopt longitudinal designs and test invariance across gender, age, and sport types to strengthen the instrument’s applicability. Despite these limitations, the validated scale carries significant social implications, offering coaches, sport psychologists, and policymakers a culturally relevant tool to design interventions, enhance athlete development programs, and foster mental resilience in Indonesian athletes.

Review

This study presents a valuable contribution to sport psychology, focusing on the construct validity of the Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) adapted for the Indonesian context. Employing a robust Bayesian Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach, the researchers meticulously tested the scale's structure with a substantial and diverse sample of 316 athletes across numerous sports and provinces. The primary finding—that a four-factor model comprising Sport Discipline Efficacy, Psychological Efficacy, Professional Thought Efficacy, and Personality Efficacy provides an excellent fit to the data—strongly supports the scale's construct validity and reliability. The utilization of Bayesian CFA is a methodological strength, offering a more nuanced and potentially stable estimation of model parameters compared to frequentist approaches, thereby enhancing confidence in the reported findings. While the study successfully validates the Indonesian ASES, it acknowledges several important limitations that warrant consideration. The cross-sectional design inherently restricts the ability to infer causality or track changes in self-efficacy over time, which is crucial for a dynamic construct like self-efficacy in athletic performance. Furthermore, the absence of measurement invariance testing across various demographic groups (e.g., gender, age, sport type) is a significant omission, as it prevents researchers from confidently asserting that the scale measures the same construct consistently across different athlete subgroups. The relatively homogeneous cultural background of participants, although drawn from multiple provinces, also suggests that the generalizability of the findings to more diverse Indonesian cultural groups or broader international contexts might be limited. Despite these limitations, the validated Indonesian ASES holds significant practical and theoretical implications. It provides sport psychologists, coaches, and policymakers with a much-needed, culturally relevant instrument to accurately assess athletes' self-efficacy, a critical psychological resource. This tool can inform the development of targeted interventions, enhance athlete development programs, and foster mental resilience within the Indonesian athletic community. Future research should prioritize addressing the identified limitations by adopting longitudinal designs and conducting comprehensive measurement invariance analyses. Such efforts would not only strengthen the instrument's scientific rigor but also broaden its applicability and utility for advancing both sport psychology research and practice.

Full Text

Comments

You need to be logged in to post a comment.