Teguh Dwi Nugroho, Rahel Rara Woda, Halena Medly Asa, Maria Eliza Briza Tan, Kadek Galuh Dirganingrum, Deasy Ayuningtyas Tandio

Analisis faktor risiko penyakit varises vena tungkai bawah pada penduduk di daerah lahan kering kepulauan Nusa Tenggara Timur

Introduction

Analisis faktor risiko penyakit varises vena tungkai bawah pada penduduk di daerah lahan kering kepulauan nusa tenggara timur. Pelajari faktor risiko varises vena tungkai bawah pada penduduk NTT. Temukan korelasi signifikan dengan tinggi badan, berat badan, dan riwayat keluarga hipertensi, diabetes, serta varises.

Abstract

Introduction: Symptoms and complaints that arise due to varicose veins of the lower legs can interfere with a person in carrying out their daily activities including working. One effort to improve a person's health status is through targeted primary and secondary preventive measures. This study aims to find risk factors for varicose veins of the lower legs in the population of East Nusa Tenggara. Method: This study used a questionnaire design in varicose vein patients. The data collected were subject identity data, risk factors that could come from demographic data such as occupation, age, gender, health status such as height, weight, pregnancy history (in women), family history of varicose veins, other comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and complaints related to varicose veins. Data were collected after obtaining approval from the health research ethics committee. Results: The subjects numbered 66 respondents consisting of 41 subjects with varicose veins and 25 subjects without varicose veins. The median age of subjects with varicose veins was 52 years (min 18, max 78), while non-varicose subjects were 34 years (min 21, max 71). The modalities of varicose vein therapy received by varicose vein patients in this study were ligation, stripping, and sclerotherapy. Age, gender, number of pregnancies in female subjects, and BMI did not show significant differences between groups. However, there were significant differences in height (p value = 0.029), weight (p value = 0.011), and family history of non-communicable diseases (p value = 0.03 and <0.01) between groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in our subjects in the form of risk factors for varicose veins, height, weight, and family history of disease, namely hypertension, diabetes, and varicose veins. Pendahuluan: Gejala dan keluhan yang muncul akibat varises vena tungkai bawah dapat mengganggu seseorang dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya sehari-hari termasuk dalam bekerja. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan seseorang adalah dengan tindakan preventif primer dan sekunder yang tepat sasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari faktor risiko penyakit varises vena tungkai bawah pada penduduk Nusa Tenggara Timur. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuesioner pada pasien varises. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data identitas subjek, faktor risiko yang bisa berasal dari data demografis berupa pekerjaan, usia, jenis kelamin, status kesehatan berupa tinggi badan, berat badan, riwayat kehamilan (pada wanita), riwayat varises dalam keluarga, penyakit penyerta lainnya seperti hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan keluhan terkait varises. Data dikumpulkan setelah mendapat persetujuan dari komisi etik penelitian kesehatan. Hasil: Subyek berjumlah 66 orang responden yang terdiri dari 41 subyek dengan varises dan 25 subyek tanpa varises. Median usia subyek dengan varises adalah 52 tahun (min 18, max 78), sedangkan subyek non-varises adalah 34 tahun (min 21, max 71). Modalitas terapi varises yang diterima oleh pasien varises pada penelitian ini adalah ligasi, stripping, dan skleroterapi. Usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah kehamilan pada subyek wanita, dan BMI tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok. Akan tetapi terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tinggi badan (nilai p = 0,029), berat badan (nilai p = 0,011), dan Riwayat penyakit tidak menular pada keluarga (nilai p = 0,03 dan <0,01) antar kelompok. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada beda signifikan pada subyek kami berupa faktor risiko varises tinggi badan, berat badan, dan riwayat penyakit pada keluarga yaitu hipertensi, diabetes, dan varises.

Review

This study endeavors to identify risk factors for lower extremity varicose veins within the population of East Nusa Tenggara, a region where such conditions can significantly impact daily life and work productivity. The authors are commended for addressing a relevant health concern specific to this archipelago, highlighting the importance of localized research for targeted preventive strategies. The exploration of a range of demographic and health-related factors, alongside securing ethical approval, demonstrates a foundational commitment to understanding the disease burden in this unique geographical context. However, the methodology and reporting of results present several limitations. The study design, vaguely described as a "questionnaire design in varicose vein patients," lacks the clarity of a standard case-control or cross-sectional study, making it difficult to assess the strength of association between proposed risk factors and varicose veins. The sample size of 66 respondents (41 with varices, 25 without) is remarkably small, severely limiting the generalizability and statistical power of the findings. Furthermore, the abstract reports a substantial difference in median age between the varicose (52 years) and non-varicose (34 years) groups, yet paradoxically states that "Age... did not show significant differences between groups," which is a significant inconsistency requiring clarification. Similarly, while BMI reportedly showed no significant difference, height and weight *did*, which is difficult to reconcile without further explanation or multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders. The broad category of "family history of non-communicable diseases" is also a vague descriptor, though the conclusion provides a welcome clarification regarding hypertension, diabetes, and varicose veins. Despite these methodological caveats and reporting inconsistencies, the study serves as a preliminary investigation, offering initial insights into potential risk factors within the East Nusa Tenggara population. The observed significant differences in height, weight, and a family history of specific non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and varicose veins) warrant further rigorous exploration. Future research would benefit immensely from a larger, more robustly designed study, such as a well-defined case-control or prospective cohort study, incorporating multivariate analysis to account for confounding variables. Such efforts could provide more conclusive evidence, ultimately guiding the development of effective, region-specific primary and secondary prevention strategies for varicose veins.

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