Natallensi Deara Cheardi

A REVIEW: EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN 2018-2023

Introduction

A review: experimental animal model of helicobacter pylori in 2018-2023. Explore experimental animal models for H. pylori infection (2018-2023). This review summarizes C57BL/6, Mongolian gerbils, common strains, and diagnostic methods.

Abstract

H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that has colonized the stomachs of approximately 50% of the human population worldwide. H. pylori is a major pathogen associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). To study the pathogenesis, prevention and therapy of H. pylori infection, ideal, safe and stable animal model experiments are needed. Therefore, in this text we summarize several important aspects in successfully creating experimental animal models of H. pylori. The method used is literature study through two electronic databases, namely Sciencedirect and Pub Med. A total of 50 articles were used in this study. Full text assessment was carried out according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The C57BL/6 and BALB/c animal models are capable of producing gastritis, metaplasia and hyperplasia and rarely produce cancer, while Mongolian gerbils and transgenic mice are considered more susceptible to creating cancer models. The strains commonly used in research on H. pylori infection are SS1 and PMSS1 because they are considered to be CagA-positive. The non-invasive method for confirming H. pylori that is most often used in experimental animal models is the ELISA serological test, while the invasive methods that are often used are RUT and H&E and other additional staining.

Review

This review critically examines the landscape of *Helicobacter pylori* experimental animal models published between 2018 and 2023, addressing a crucial need for updated insights into studying this significant human pathogen. By focusing on models essential for understanding pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of *H. pylori*-associated gastrointestinal diseases, the paper aims to provide a valuable summary for researchers. The timely nature of this review is commendable, given the continuous advancements in animal modeling techniques and the persistent global health burden of *H. pylori* infection. The methodology employed, a literature study across Sciencedirect and PubMed, is appropriate for a systematic review of this nature, culminating in the analysis of 50 selected articles. The review highlights key findings regarding specific animal models and their utility: C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice are identified for their capacity to induce gastritis, metaplasia, and hyperplasia, though with a rare propensity for cancer, while Mongolian gerbils and transgenic mice are noted for their higher susceptibility to developing gastric cancer. Furthermore, the review identifies SS1 and PMSS1 as commonly used CagA-positive *H. pylori* strains and details both non-invasive (ELISA) and invasive (RUT, H&E, additional staining) methods for confirming infection in these models. These summarized aspects are highly relevant and provide a concise overview of current practices. While the abstract provides a strong summary of the review's scope and key findings, it leaves some questions about the depth of analysis for future researchers seeking to *create* models. For instance, beyond listing models and outcomes, a more detailed discussion of the specific challenges, practical considerations, or comparative advantages/disadvantages (e.g., cost, ethical implications, duration of experiments) of each model would enhance its practical utility. Similarly, elaborating on the "important aspects in successfully creating experimental animal models" beyond just listing models, strains, and detection methods could further strengthen the review's contribution. Nevertheless, this review serves as a valuable and concise reference point for researchers entering or working within the field of *H. pylori* animal modeling.

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